Elizabeth Bishop s One Art Style Analysis - 1275 Words

Elizabeth Bishop’s â€Å"One Art† Style Analysis In the villanelle â€Å"One Art† Elizabeth Bishop seems to take a very relaxed tone over a subject that many writers would deem a more emotional topic. Slowly her true frustrations are brought to light as the inanimate objects she lists switch from everyday things to examples that have more severity. Bishop’s style of using her works to subtly expose her own personal feeling is very present through the poem. Bishop’s poem â€Å"One Art,† although not one of her more famous works, exemplifies her use of precise diction along with her struggle to find a balance between the confessionalist writing style and her own preference to remain emotionally discreet. Elizabeth Bishop was famous for writing such simple poems that had a hidden deeper meaning that did, in fact, connect to her life. Elizabeth Bishop grew up as an only child and as a legal orphan. Her father died when she was only a baby, and at the age of five her mother was committed to a psychiatric hospital. The loss of her parents influenced much of her writing, she even referenced her mother s situation in her poem â€Å"The village.†After being orphaned she went to live with the less wealthy side of her relatives. Shortly after she took up residence there, her wealthy grandparents took her to live with them. She felt a solitude with her paternal grandparents that led to a myriad of ailments such as asthma, Sydenham s chorea,nervous problems, and eczema.Finally, her aunt rescued herShow MoreRelatedIn Comparing Dylan Thomas And Elizabeth Bishop’S Meditation2055 Words   |  9 PagesIn comparing Dylan Thomas and Elizabeth Bishop’s meditation on the relevance of the poet, it is pertinent to use a sequential analysis of the two poems hereby discussed. Bishop’s â€Å"One Art† may be the result of a careful development of Thomas’ â€Å"Do not Go to Gentle Into That Good Night,† in which she explores her capacity to critique a poet’s speaker with a subtlety that scholars and students may find almost impossible to decipher. In this rather experimental essay, layers of her expertism are expoundedRead MorePoems with Theme with Life and Death and Their Analysis8446 Words   |  34 PagesEI WAI KHAING AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES ON LIFE AND DEATH OF SOME POEMS Abstract: Some basic elements of poem and types of poem are included in this paper. Although there are countless number of poems on Life and Death, only the ones which seem noteworthy are studied and analysed in terms of themes. Different opinions of different poets on life and death found in their poems are also presented and contrasted in this paper. This paperRead MoreAnalysis the Use of Stream of Consciousness in Mrs Dalloway8784 Words   |  36 PagesAnalysis the use of stream of consciousness in Mrs Dalloway BY Qian Jiajia Prof. Zhang Li, Tutor A Thesis Submitted to Department of English Language and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of B.A in English At Hebei Normal University May 8th , 2009 Abstract As one of the representative writers of novels of stream of consciousness, Virginia Woolf has made important contributions to the development of the technique of stream of consciousnessRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesNikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management:Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pages676—dc21 2002074897 v To Donnaree, my wife, and Donnisa, my daughter, the two persons around whom my life revolves; and to the ancestors whose struggles have enabled us to survive and thrive This page intentionally left blank Foreword One of the most useful things about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts to Culture Bearers is that it correctly traces the connection between the emergence of Rastafarianism and the history of resistance and black consciousness that has been partRead MoreDescribe How to Establish Respectful Professional Relationships with Adults52870 Words   |  212 PagesDesigned by Design, Drawing and Print Services DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT Foreword Constructing the Team ................................................. v Executive Summary ..............................................vii Chapter One Introduction and the Role ofClients ................................................1 Chapter Two General Comments on the Economic Background ................................................ 7 Chapter Three ProjectandContractStrategiesandBriefingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesappreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity

The Story Of The Grail By Chretien De Troyes - 1128 Words

Over the past month, we read the Story of the Grail by Chretien de Troyes. This poem details the progression of the knight Perceval. In the beginning, Perceval is not called by his name, instead he is referred to as â€Å"the youth†. This is an important detail to stress, because the poem is a coming of age story. As the poem progresses, the reader is able to see definitive changes in Perceval’s character. For example, in the beginning of the poem Perceval uses the limited knowledge that was bestowed upon him by his mother in order to complete his â€Å"knightly† duties. To make it worse, Perceval feels the need to tell everyone he meets that his mother is the one that taught him everything he knows. Eventually, Perceval outgrows this behavior and becomes a suitable knight. Throughout the poem, Perceval goes through many trials and tribulations, but for the purpose of this essay I will unravel the allegorical meaning of Perceval’s fight with the Red Knight using all four levels of interpretation. As Perceval rides towards the court of King Arthur, he meets the Red Knight at the gate of the castle. When Perceval sees the Red Knights armor, he decides that he will have it for himself. Perceval rides up to the Red Knight and tells him, â€Å"By my faith, I’ll ask the king to give me [your] armor.† The Red Knight does not see this as a threat from the Welsh boy. He tells Perceval to go to King Arthur and tell the king to send a champion to fight him if the king wants his cup back. PercevalShow MoreRelatedThe Grail As A Symbol Of Divine Grace1695 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holy Grail is the mystical cup that Christ used at the last supper and it is believed that it holds special powers. The Grail was considered to be a bowl or dish when first described by Chrà ©tien de Troyes (Holy Grail – Crystalinks). Hà ©linand of Froidmont described the Grail as a wide and deep saucer (O’Neal 79). Other authors had their o wn ideas: Robert de Boron portrayed it as the vessel of the Last Supper; and Peredur had no Grail per se, presenting the hero instead with a platter containingRead MoreChretien De Troyess Romances1090 Words   |  5 Pages12th century in Europe. The most famous author of that genre and time was none other than Chretien De Troyes. Troyes is the author of seven poems, four of which were completed by just him. The other three have been worked on and finished by other authors. In this essay the themes from two of his works will be discussed. The works being analyzed are The Knight of the Cart (Lancelot) and The Story of the Grail (Perceval). The first theme being discussed is love. Love would be the most common thingRead MoreThe Grail Quest in the Play At the Hawk ´S Well by W.B.Yeats1828 Words   |  8 Pages1 The Grail Quest in the Play At the Hawks Well by William Butler Yeats A search for that which gives meaning to life has always occupied human minds. The ancient scholars, philosophers, writers and intellectuals devoted many years of their lives to find the answer. They created various theories – religious and philosophical – to explain the system of the universe and find the source of all things. On example of William Butler Yeats play At the Hawks Well and Chretiens romance Le Conte du GraalRead More Knighthood and Courtly Love in the Time of King Arthur Essay1753 Words   |  8 Pagesobsession to accomplish their quest. The quest may be self thought of, or obtained from someone else, but either way the knight took honor and pride in being able to accomplish the quest. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In â€Å"Arthurian Romances,† by Chrà ©tien de Troyes, all knights had a duty to protect their country. When a knight approached a situation, he did not attack the other party until he had warned them. His place in the feudalist system involved other workers, known as vassals, to do his biddingRead MoreEssay about Arthurian Romances753 Words   |  4 Pagesuntil he has warned them. His place in the feudalist system involves other workers (vassals) to do his bidding. They suit him up in his armor and ready his horse and weapons. The knight in the first story is named Erec, son of the King Lac. He marries a girl named Enide, who is at his side throughout the story. Together they adventure through the countryside and Erec fights his battles as they go on. The knight will give up on nothing ever, it is his duty to serve his King and God to the best of his abilityRead MoreChristian Elements in the King Arthur1295 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, and placing heavily on the laws they laid. The Church ruled simultaneously with the government, controlling every aspect of the Medieval hierarchy. The Church affected rituals and moral principles of the people, as well as write their own stories to enlist to their ideologies. Literature links with the delegated character of the Medieval past, such as the Arthurian legend, influencing the interpretation of the period. King Arthur is recognized as legendary king of Britain, whose central figureRead MoreEssay Study Guide1115 Words   |  5 PagesMarie de France? Lanval has a lady that he will be true and secret with. His denial is what he should do. At the trial his lady showed up. 6. Briefly describe the courtly-love allegory in Marie de France’s â€Å"Laustic.† Love is represented by a bird and he kills the bird. The bird dies and the loves die with it as well. 7. In Chretien de Troyes’ The Story of the Grail what happens because Perceval does not ask about the grail? The kingdom is not healed and he is sent out to find the grail castleRead MoreEssay The Knight and the Cart1454 Words   |  6 Pagesromance, the most distinguished literature can be found in the work of Chretien de Troyes. Troyes was a native of Eastern Champagne and most of his career was spent the court of Marie de Champagne. He was the inventor of Arthurian literature and the first to speak of Camelot, and write adventures of the Grail. He may even have been the first to sing the tragic love of Tristan and Isolde. One of Chretein de Troyes’ works, Chevalier de la Charette (The Knight of the Cart) expresses the doctrines of courtlyRead MoreEssay about The Once and Future King1411 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing, then the most well-known part of the legend, but there is also his famous knights, the possibility of a historical Arthur, and how the legend has evolved over the ages. One thing that is unique about the Arthurian legend is that it has a story to set up the main part of the legend. It traces back to Arthur’s grandfather and follows the betrayals and murders to Arthur’s uncle, Aurelius Ambrosius, who is killed by poison, leaving the crown to Arthur’s father Uther Pendragon. Merlin is alsoRead MoreThe Ill Made Knight, By. White Reworks Lancelot Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesKnight, T.H. White reworks Lancelot, a major player in Arthurian legend. But he also reworks a central pillar of the myth: Christianity. Faith is treated in different ways in the book, but it is never a sure thing, never tangible. Whereas Malory, Chrà ©tien de Troyes, and the Cistercian Quest all kept God firmly interwoven with the tale, White is unable to do so because of his anxieties. He wants to believe that there is an active, loving God, but he cannot reconcile it with events in his own time. He is

Paintball Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Paintball Persuasive Essay So, your son, daughter, or husband is begging for your okay to buy the latestpaintball equipment. Its surprising, but after only one or two trips to thepaintball field, folks just get hooked! While youd like to share theirenthusiasm for the sport and give your much needed go ahead, you areconcerned with your loved ones shooting paintballs at other players and beingshot at. Dont feel like youre alone. These are common and serious concernsthat deserve a thoughtful response. The following paragraphs will hopefullyexplain why our sport is the fastest growing sport in the world and that itdoesnt have anything to do with people hurting one another. Paintball has hadan astounding safety record. Medical and insurance statistics show thatpaintball is safer than bowling! This is a strong testimony to the game and theyplayers who play it. Paintball is a safe sport as long as rules are followed. Insurance statistics also show that paintball is much safer than golf, jogging,downhill skiing, snow boarding, tennis, swimming and many other more commonsports. Safety is highly stressed at most fields. The majority of fields requiregoggles be worn at all times unless in designated areas. In addition to thisfields also require that barrel plugs (plastic inserts that prevent projectilesfrom leaving your guns barrel) be used while players are in certain areas. Ignoring safety is a good way to get yourself ejected from a field. Men andwomen of all ages and life-styles play paintball in over 30 countries. Fromschoolteachers or high school students, professionals or technicians, allpaintball players share a love for adventure and a strong competitive teamspirit. Paintball is similar to the childhood games of tag andhide and seek, but much more challenging and sophisticated. Thereare various game formats. Usually, a group of players will divide into two teamsto play capture the flag. The number of players on a team variesfrom four or five players, to as many as 100 players on each side, limited onlyby the size of the playing field. The object of the game is to capture the otherteams flag while defending your own flag station. Players compete to eliminateopposing players by tagging them with a paintball expelled from an airgun. Gamesusually have a time limit of 20 to 45 minutes. Between 10 15 games are playedduring one day. Between games, play ers may check their equipment, reloadpaintballs or have a snack and share stories about the thrills of victory andthe usually funny agonies of defeat. Win or lose, everyone has a great time! Apaintball is a round, dime-sized gelatin capsule with colored liquid inside. Paintballs are similar to large round vitamin capsules or bath oil beads. Theliquid is non-toxic, non-caustic, water-soluble, and biodegradable. It rinsesout of clothing and off skin with mild soap and water. Paintballs come in arainbow of colors. When a paintball tags a player, the gelatin ball opens andthe liquid leaves a paint mark. A player who is marked is eliminatedfrom the game. Paintball guns come in a variety of styles. Some are small stockpistols, powered by small 12-gram CO2 cartridges that need to be changed after15 to 25 shots. Other paintball guns are rifle-like, with shoulder stocks andlonger barrels. These are powered by larger, refillable CO2 cylinders thatsupply hundreds of shots. Some paintball guns are pump-actions. Each time youshoot, you must first cock the paintball gun by using a pump. Other paintballguns are semi-automatic, which re-cock automatically. Just squeeze the trigger!Paintballs wont hit hard enough to cause an injury as long as proper safetyprocedur es are followed. Protective covering with multiple layers of clothing isrecommended. To protect their eyes, all players must always wearapproved-for-paintball goggles in every area where shooting is allowed, even atthe target range. Barrel plugs are required anywhere off the playing field. .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f , .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f .postImageUrl , .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f , .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f:hover , .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f:visited , .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f:active { border:0!important; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f:active , .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub1a3aedc8c510e1ad51884321260b90f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child Abuse Laws EssayProfessional referees on the playing field control the games, enforce the rulesof fair play, and monitor safety rules. Most paintball fields have a staff oftrained referees that allows them to conduct several games simultaneously. Paintball is a sport where women and men compete equally and where age is notdominated by youth. Size and strength are not as important as intelligence anddetermination. Being able to think quickly and decisively are what makes a greatplayer. Paintball is a character-building sport where every decision and everymove counts. Players learn the importance of teamwork and strategy and can gainself-esteem while developing quick-thinking leadership abilities. Paintball isan exciting way to shake off day-to-day responsibilities and take a chance on anew adventure. When the game begins, the adrenaline starts pumping, and allplayers, from the meek and mild, to the bold and brave, strive for theirresistible thrill of victory. BibliographySparks, Jessica. The Sport of Paintball: Dangerous or Safe?Action Pursuit Games (July 1999). 23-27 Sparks, Jessica. Paintball Gunsand Paintballs. Action Pursuit Games (September 1998). 11-13

No Child Left Behind an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

No Child Left Behind The legislation of Public Law 107-110 more popularly referred to as No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 is an effort to recognize the significance of education as national and social issue. Ideologically, there is little doubt of the relevance of the value of instituting educational systems and standards that ensure access of education without discrimination. According to Kahlenberg (2003), social developments are challenging educational systems not only to ensure learning but also to ensure productivity and social participation. The provisions recognize the unique educational challenges presented by the need to improve educational standards for students, educators, levels of proficiency, creating social relevance, developing partnerships with parents and the community, recognizing cultural and ethnic heritage, revising laws, statutes and provisions and developing flexibility and accountability in education (US Department of Education, 2004) Need essay sample on "No Child Left Behind" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed However, there has been significance critic regarding the NCLB. In general, the core of the concern is about the failure of the NCLB program to effect the changes in education it has promised. Worse, there are criticisms that it has in fact has deterred access to quality education (Houston, 2007). An evaluation of the issue creates a realization that educational reform entails more than legislation but requires that they can be operational in actual settings (Pennington, 2007). The objective of this paper is not to deny the importance or urgency of the objectives of NCLB, however this research will provide evidence that it has not been able to deliver the reforms it envisioned and that there is a need to amend the act substantially if it is to be effective (Noll, 2005). Issues and Concerns NCLB is characterized as an outcome-based: by setting high targets, educational programs will be more effective (Allen et al, 2007). For the past twenty years, there has been an active effort to develop social institutions that recognize and respond to social, economic and political factors that affect learning strategies, educational programs and access to these programs (US Department of Education, 2004). Earlier, concerns were primarily socio-economic in nature and in recent years, culture and ethnicity have come to the forefront. The primary motivation behind the program is to ensure access to education and to allow schools to develop strategies to improve performance and feasibility of education programs (Johnson, 2001). Funding One of the primary issues raised against NCLB has been in failure of funding leaving programs not fully implemented, it at all. The federal government has been the most criticizes regarding the issue that has already had a history of not prioritizing education spending (Nelson & Jones, 2007). The dependency on federal funding for the NCLB programs developed from declining tax revenues and the institution of federal standards for students and educators. Furthermore, Pennington (2007) points out that the though the act was an administration sponsored legislation, the President nor the Senate have actually requested the funds as provided (Cooper, 2007). The reality is that local governments do not have the capacity to support the NCLB which in turn has created the requirements for education reform but not the means to meet them (Noll, 2005). On a psychological level, the lack funding enforces the idea that the reforms to for implementation are not considered urgent contrary to the original premise of the legislation. There is also fear that the provisions of NCLB are prompting a spiraling deterioration in educational institutions. Consider this scenario according to the provisions of the NCLB, schools that have performed well according to its standards are afforded better funding as incentive. However, failure to meet standards of performance do not provide for support programs and thus, schools who are already facing significant stress may further be disadvantaged (Chubb, 2007). Social Conflicts NCLB has also been criticized to violate the state, privacy and social equity. Education has traditionally been state-managed but since NCLB is federal legislation, states have to comply with the provisions whether it is applicable to them or not and whether they have the means to implement it. The states recognize the ideological value of the NCLB but point out that states should be reserved the right to choose what provisions are to be implemented (Noll, 2005). This is not just to support the power of the state over education legislation but also to uphold the constitution that provides no foundation for federal legislation on the issue. Another issue is the provision of the NCLB recognizing religious groups as educators, making the eligible for public funding. Though the provision can be considered as an effort to recognize these groups, it also raises the question of the separation of church and state (Lewis, 2007). An issue raised regarding privacy has stemmed from the provisions in section 9528 that requires that military recruitment programs be considered as institutions of higher education. This provides them access to the personal information of all students without the need to inform parents except if they have directly opted out from it. Questions regarding the method of dividing resources are also a concern (Gingrich, 2006). The NCLBs punitive measures for schools that fail to meet its requirements and if they are able to meet the standards, the incentive is to have performance expectations set lower. In the first scenario, it is viewed that schools with problems will be left with even less competency to meet requirements while in the latter scenario, lowering of expectations encourages slacking off from standards or not having sustainable programs (Lang & Wilkinson, 2000). Standardization of Education Another major issue is with regard to implementation of standardized programs and education assessments. The critique is that it leaves no flexibility in terms of recognizing social conditions, culture or ethnicity among others in education (Chubb, 2007). At the same time, there are fears that focus on the standardized tests will not allow for collaborative classroom experience (American Association of School Administrators, 1991). Advocates of the program, reason that NCLB is able to accomplish this by setting non-discriminatory standards in assessment. However, the critiques are that the program does not consider the setting of issues or the availability of the programs in the state. The issue raised in particular with native language assessment that requires a proficiency exam before taking and English proficiency exam (Vance, 2004). Currently, not more than ten sates have the programs in place and the majority of these programs limited to Spanish proficiency testing. The NCLBs focus on math and reading as standards of performance also raise concerns regarding the limitation it sets on students overall curricula. At the same time, since the NCLB provides that states are able to design their own standards of testing then this may motivate states to insufficiently test students because of the punitive measures and impact of funding (Lang & Wilkinson, 2000). Another social issue related to standardize testing that persists is the perceived cultural bias. It has been established that standardized test by nature can not accommodate fully for cultural idiosyncrasies, learning disabilities and other conditions that preclude students from the majority of students (Vance, 2004). Conclusion The issue of education is one that will always encourage significant debate because of social significance and impact (Pennington, 2007). There is no doubt that the NCLB is an effort to create better access to education and to create programs that are sensitive and responsive to the developing needs of society. There is also no doubt that many of its provisions have proven to be problematic when applied. Beyond the administrative, social and operational concerns of the program, there should be recognition that the program creates a platform for abuse, corruption and ironically, the deterioration of educational standards (Noll, 2005). Therefore, this paper concludes that the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 has not been bale to raise the quality of education comprehensively and neither will the current provisions be able to do so (Cooper, 2007). Thus, many of its initial proponents, like Ted Kennedy now, ironically, opposing further implementation (Lewis, 2007). There is recognition that the abandonment of the support to the program may also have its political motivations but the lack of significant impact seems to support the idea that the program has not been able to live up to its promise (Butzin, 2007). Failures in implementation and operation have created political divergence concerning not only NCLB but also the federal education program in general (Gingrich, 2006). There should be a realization that reforms have to be operationally viable and effective. In conclusion, the failure of the Act is not because the concerns are not valid but it has failed because of the lack of administrative and operational foresight in implementing the programs that has rendered the programs futile if not a deterrent to its own objectives. References Allen, JoBeth, Altwerger, Bess, Edelsky, Carole, Larson, Joanne et al. (2007). Taking a Stand on NCLB. Language Arts, 84(5), 456-464. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from Research Library database, Document ID: 1272627141 American Association of School Administrators (1991). Learning Styles: Putting Research and Common Sense into Practice. Arlington, VA: American Association of School Administrators Butzin, Sarah M. (2007). NCLB: Fix It, Don`t Nix It. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(10), 768-769. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from Research Library database, Document ID: 1287129691 Chubb, John E. (2007). Confluence Is a Cure: A Reply to `Edison Is the Symptom, NCLB Is the Disease`. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(6), 444-450. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from Research Library database, Document ID: 1227801271

buy custom Mobile Telecommunications in a World essay

buy custom Mobile Telecommunications in a World essay Nokia has been beaten by Apple Inc to become the largest Smartphone manufacturing company in the world. In the second quarter of this year, a financial performance review was conducted and the companys revenue fell by 7 percent. Reports have shown that Nokia has been lagging behind in the Smartphone market. It has been confirmed that Nokias position has began to falter, a statement that was read in February. This was verified when a memo was sent to the Nokia staff. It had contained a vent talking about Nokias position in the Smartphone market, it was increasingly lagging behind. In July 25th 2011 it was quoted that there was no cell phone that had the equivalent of the Apple Inc product. Googles Android which was two years old was confirmed to occupy the second position in the Smartphone market. In the year 2010, Nokias market share was seen to decrease from 38 percent to 28 percent. Nokia has therefore lost the time to pursue the successes achieved by the iPhone and Android. This is because it has lagged behind the trend that has been established in the mobile phone market. Nokia was adopted by the Symbian Operating system which has been increasingly retarded thus leading to its criticism. In the current air, Nokia Smartphone shipments have fallen 34 percent to 16.7 Million units as compared to Apple which has sold more than 20 Million units of iPhone in the same period. (Curwen, 2011) Nokia has recently laid off to 700 employees in the UK; a step that was directed to saving the companys set targets. Since the late 1990s, Nokia has already been entrenched in the first ranking when it had won a competition against Motorola. It has actually been known as a winner in the simple mobile market where as Apple Inc consists of a Co business that was originally on the computer. Apple Inc began introducing the Smartphone iPhone. Radical changes has been effected by the Nokias hief executive as its fourth quarter results have portrayed that it has rapidly lost ground to the Smartphone makers using Apple and Googles Android Operating system. Nokia is working very hard so as to adopt with the changing markets. Results of Nokia Sales Net Profit Earnings per share Dividend 12.7 Billion 745 Million 0.2 0.4 An increase of 6% A decrease of 21% A decrease of 31% n/c So as to try and improve the Finnish companys weak sales in the US Nokia may try to use Operating systems made by Android or Microsofts Smartphones. Its shares have fallen almost 9 percent which portrays a confirmation of a steep decline in the Smartphone market share. Nokia has been unable to come up with mobile phones that can compete with Apple iPhone and Smartphones that use Googles Android Operating system, a procedure that has contributed greatly to its falling profitability. Its Operating profit has decreased from 1.47 Billion to 1.09 Billion which clearly shows its lagging nature in the phone market. (Pan, 2010) The Nokia Company has been expected to stick with its existing Symbian Operating system and MeeGo Smartphone Operating system in the majority of its Markets. However, for the US markets they aare expected to use the alternatives of Android or Microsofts Smartphone Operating system as explained earlier on. Android was earlier on rejected as it was claimed that its use could damage Nokias attempt of turning the fledgling MeeGO Operating system into a leading alternative to both the Apple and Google Smartphone platforms. Conclusion There are some significant challenges in Nokias competitiveness and their execution. The industry has greatly changed and thus they too have to change so as to compete with it, the changing industry. Nokia should come up with a competitive smart phone that can incorporate a number of factors. These factors may include the following: a user friendly hardware, software and services. Comparison of Nokias financial performance with the bench market Irrespective of losing the market share and the change in their strategies, Nokia is still the company that has the biggest share in the mobile device market. It owns a total of 22.8 percent of the mobile device market. Samsung comes in closely and has been confirmed to be the second company in the market with a total of 16.3 percent of the market share. There are a couple of other major handset manufacturing companies that come after this two. They include: LG, Apple, RIM, Motorola, and Sony Ericson. The other companies take approximately 35.8 percent of the market share. (Leonard, 2010) However, a different situation occurs in the Smartphone market whereby Android is in a good position in this market where it takes about 43.4 percent of the Smartphone operating system market. Apples iPhone operating system also comes in with 18.2 percent of the market share. Symbian, an operating system that has adopted Nokia takes 22.1 percent of the recent market although this number has been confirmed to decrease from quarter to quarter. Buy custom Mobile Telecommunications in a World essay

The History of Hacky Sack

The History of Hacky Sack Hacky Sack, also known as Footbag, is a modern, non-competitive American sport that involves kicking a bean bag and keeping it off the ground for as long as possible. It was invented in 1972 by John Stalberger and Mike Marshall of Oregon City, Oregon as a fun, challenging way to exercise. Inventing the Hacky Sack The story of Hacky Sack began in the summer of 1972. Mike Marshall introduced visiting Texan John Stalberger to a game that he had learned from a Native American, a fellow inmate in a military brig. The game involved kicking a small bean bag repeatedly to keep it off the ground for as long as possible- using all parts of your body except your hands and arms- and then eventually passing it to another player. Stalberger, who was recovering from a knee injury, began playing the game- which they described as going to â€Å"hack a sack†- as a way to rehabilitate his leg. Six months later, with Stalberger’s knee healed and newly acquired mastery of their game, they decided to go into manufacturing. Hacky Sack Evolution For about a year and a half, Marshall and Stalberger experimented with different versions of the sack. Their 1972 initial sack was square-shaped, made of denim and filled with rice. They quickly realized that internal stitching provided an improvement in control, and tried round instead of square, and switched from denim to cowhide for longevitys sake. By ’73, they had developed the classic, two-panel, leather, internally sewn, disc-shaped style that would stay in use and manufacture for the next twenty years. The first bags using the Hacky Sack name appeared in 1974. When the 28-year-old Marshall died of a heart attack in 1975, Stalberger decided to soldier on, developing a more durable bag and working to promote the game he and his late friend had created. Hacky Sack Ancient History LIke most modern inventions, hacky sack is a really old idea. A game similar to hacky sack was supposedly invented by the legendary (or mythological) Chinese Yellow Emperor (or deity), who used a hair-filled leather bag in a game called cuju, as training for his military forces during his reign in the late mid-third millennium BCE. The first non-mythological records of cuju date to the Zhan Guo Ce, a Chinese record written during the Warring States period (476–221 BCE). Cuju is also mentioned in the Chinese history of Shiji written about 94 BCE. In Japan, a similar game called kemari was being played at Nara by the 7th century CE; and in Malaysia, a game with a small rattan ball called sepak takraw has been played at least since the 11th century CE. Of course, hacky sack is also similar to soccer (European football), and soccer players frequently â€Å"juggle† or â€Å"freestyle† with a ball before kicking it in the air to a teammate. Official Techniques There arent any rules per se to the game of hacky sack, except that you cant use your hands or arms to keep the ball from falling to the ground. There are established techniques. The inside kick involves using the inside curve of your foot to kick the ball straight upward. The outside kick uses the outside of your foot to the same thing, and the toe kick hooks the ball straight upward. It is legal to stall the ball, bouncing it off any of those places on your foot rather than passing it high into the air, and it is legal to bounce it off your chest, head, or back. Just not your arms or hands. More formal types of hacky sack include footbag net (played with a net), footbag golf (like Frisbee golf), and consecutive (where you try to set a record for continuous bouncing). The original hacky sack is known as freestyle, where people stand in a circle and pass it to one another. The Hacky Sack Game Catches On Hacky Sack became extremely popular with high school and college students, especially with counterculture groups who would stand in circles, taking turns working to keep the footbags aloft. Groups of Deadheads playing the game became a familiar sight outside concert venues whenever the Grateful Dead performed. Stalberg was instrumental in founding the National Hacky Sack Association, founded in 1975. In 1979 the U.S. Patent office granted a license to the Hacky Sack brand footbag. By then Hacky Sack Company was a solid business, and Wham-O, the company that manufactures the Frisbee, acquired it from Stalberger. in 1983. A World Wide Sport Along the way, the generic, non-copyright name of footbag became popular for the game, and the game has become a worldwide sport with official rules. The first official organizing body for the sport, the National Hacky Sack Association, was organized by John Stalberger and Ted Huff in 1975. It sanctioned or sponsored U.S. footbag tournaments, including the World Footbag Championships, which have been running annually since 1980.   The NHSA ended in 1984, and the World Footbag Association rose to become its replacement. The World Wide Footbag Foundation was incorporated in 1994 and in 2000 it morphed into the International Footbag Players Association, Inc. The IFPA has a Football Hall of Fame: the first person initiated was Ted Huff in 1997.

EARLY VERSUS LATE CLAMPING OF THE UMBILICAL CORD Essay

EARLY VERSUS LATE CLAMPING OF THE UMBILICAL CORD - Essay Example Internationally, roughly a quarter of children below the age of four have iron deficiency anaemia, the severest type of iron deficiency (McDonald & Middleton, 2009). In Europe alone, the occurrence of this iron deficiency is between 3 to 7% among children below the age of four, and the occurrence of iron deficiency has been found to be as high as 26% (Grajeda et al., 2013). Some researchers argue that late cord clamping might have poor neonatal implications with enhanced risk of polycythaemia, respiratory symptoms, need of phototherapy and hyperbilirubinaemia (Emhamed et al., 2012). However, the main findings of this paper are that delaying of the umbilical cord clamping in full-term neonates for at least 2 minutes following birth is useful to the infant, extending into infancy. Even though, there was a raise in polycythemia among babies in whom cord clamping was belated, this condition seemed to be benign. Another main finding of this paper is that the iron amount in the blood in th e cord is large, which the baby requires for optimal fitness and for the hindrance of anaemia. Prior to the mid 50s, the phrase â€Å"early clamping† was defined as the clamping of umbilical cord in a minute just after birth, and â€Å"late clamping,† on the other hand, as clamping the of the umbilical cord over 5 minutes following the baby’s birth (Grajeda et al., 2013). In a number of researches of blood quantity changes following a baby’s birth carried out by researchers in nations like the U.S., the United Kingdom, as well as Canada, it was found out that in healthy term babies, over 90% of blood volume was attained in the first few breaths the baby took following birth (Mathew, 2011). Due to these findings and the lack of specific recommendations regarding the best timing, the period between birth and clamping of the umbilical cord started to be reduced. In a majority of cases, clamping of the umbilical cord is carried out between 15 to 20 seconds following the birth

Draftsmans Duty of Care in the Preparation of a Will Essay

Draftsmans Duty of Care in the Preparation of a Will - Essay Example The analysis is focused on identifying the solicitor’s duties and responsibilities in preparing a will for the clients. Various aspects of preparation of a legal document highlight the significant role of the solicitor who has the duty to adequately represent the testator’s intentions and wishes through the legal document. The various types of the draftsman’s duties in preparation of a will are discussed in the changing contextual situations of family businesses, mutual or joint will, and breach of duty such as errors or delays. Identifying grammatical and omission errors, providing legal advice to clients, severing joint tenancy and adequately representing a testator’s wish in preparing a will are some of the broad issues of draftsman’s duties in preparing a will. This discussion is focused on identification of the various types of errors, issues concerning negligence of duty on the part of the solicitor and the possible contextual factors that can lead to these errors or failure to perform the duties. Â  The methodology adopted for this purpose include searching legal journals and law journal databases to locate cases associated with the failure of draftsman’s responsibilities and liabilities of the draftsman. Databases such as LexisNexis, bailli, zetoc and Westlaw were searched with terms as ‘draftsman’ ‘common law’ ‘preparation of will’ ‘solicitor duties’ and several cases were located and have been included in this study.

Modern Art Essay Example for Free

Modern Art Essay Some people consider modern arts not serious. In this regard, the question â€Å"Can we think of modern art as real art? † comes into existence. So to answer to this question we need to take for consideration what is art in general and what forms it has. There are a variety of arts, including visual arts and design, decorative arts, plastic arts and the performing arts. So, Art is defined as the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination. And artistic expression takes many forms: painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, music, literature, and architecture are the most widely recognized forms. To begin with, when we speak about modern art, in most cases we think about the field of fine arts. Because exactly fine arts underwent the visible changes for centuries. The number of styles of painting is enormous. Artistic works can be grouped by styles according to the common principles of creative thinking. Each epoch is characterized by a certain worldview; that is why throughout the centuries the ways of thinking about art was also changing. Fine arts faced such styles as Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism, Realism, Impressionism and so on. Modern art refers to works produced during the period from 1870. Typically, modern artists rejected previous Renaissance-based traditions, in favour of new forms of artistic experimentation. They used new materials, new techniques of painting, and developed new theories about how art should reflect the perceived world. And nowadays there exists a great amount of styles of Modern art, for example: Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Performance Art, Dada Style, Neoplasticism, Surrealist Style, Postminimalism, Graffiti Art, etc. Concerning the question of modern art it’s quite difficult to judge, but nevertheless people are divided into two sides: pros and cons. First and foremost art implies the inseparability of form and content and of course talent. Famous artists affirmed that it is necessary to master the skill the main component of the art. But many modern works have lack of this component. Modern art has no its purpose to create the artistic work, that is why modern artists are indifferent to internal connection of form and content. Therefore it is impossible without accompanying comment; for example the artist can grab a canvas, paint it in different colours and put some strokes on it, and this kind of painting can represent his happiness. Because it is often said that modern art can be done without any talent or efforts. After all real art needs to show emotion, beauty, and needs to be a window to the artists  emotions. Art is something that you see and must look deeply into to understand or find beauty in. Modern art is art that a 5 year old can do so it has too little effort to be considered art. Many people believe that such so called artists are supported by the mass media, that is why their works are sold for million dollars. Every person could take a brush and do smth like that, but no one would buy this daub. They say Leonardo was a great artist. Raphael was a great artist, but modern ones can’t be compared. So for the great majority of people modern art is not serious. On the other hand, who is anyone to judge what real art is? After all our understanding of art comes to nothing more than our school knowledge about periods of Renaissance, Classicism or Modern. Just because one doesnt like or understand the art, doesnt mean that the art is not real art. Besides, it should be noted that there is the term contemporary art, meaning the work of artists of the 90-ies of XX century. It represents the mirror of contemporary world. And often great

The Role of Justice in Society Essay -- Just Justice Fair Philosophy E

The Role of Justice in Society Through the egalitarian reasoning of John Rawls and the act-utilitarianist perspective of J.J.C. Smart, I will analyze the concept of justice. In accordance with Rawls, I intend to argue that any changes in society that will increase the burden carried by the poorest 5% are unjust, even if these changes increase the average level of happiness for the other 95%. With regard to ethics, justice is defined as fairness, where all situations should be treated alike. For one to exhibit justice, one must portray the quality of being fair and reasonable in all situations. While egalitarians evaluate justice based on equality, utilitarians are only interested in justice as a means to an end. Smart advocates the principle of utility, which defines the morally action as whatever produces the greatest net happiness for everyone affected by that act. To identify an act as ‘just,’ Rawls employs the theory of justice as fairness. This theory stresses the principle of equal rights, and that an act is ‘just’ if equality is realized by everyone affected by the act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before delving into John Rawls’ views on a ‘just’ society it is essential to understand his perception of the role of justice in society, as described in his book A Theory of Justice. Justice in society enforces individual’s rights and to â€Å"[deny] that the loss of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others†. When the notion of justice becomes shared by all citizens, and equality is achieved, civility between members of society will restrict the use of some individuals as means to personal ends. Overall, Rawls argues that the most distinctive role of justice in society is to equally distribute rights and duties to individuals. The underlying egalitarian viewpoint is that individuals do not possess any characteristics that would â€Å"justify inequalities in the distribution of social benefits and burdens†. The principles of justice, as depicted in Rawls book, are chosen by individuals an initial position of equality. These principles can be applied to solve structural issues in society such as the distribution of social and economic advantages, the distribution of basic rights and duties to citizens. Rawls argues that in order for the principles of justice to establish an ideal society, where equality between citizens is realized, several hypothetical ... ... interest while in pursuit of maximizing happiness. Overall I agree with the principles set forth by John Rawls in his book A Theory of Justice, because it protects against discrimination of the lowest 5 of the population whose voice is usually discredited and overlooked in society. Works Cited Bayles, Michael, ed. Contemporary Utilitarianism. Garden City: Anchor, 1968  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hoffman, Michael W, Robert E. Fredrick, and Mark S. Schwartz. Business Ethics Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality. 4th Canadian ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001 Lamont, Julian. "Distributive Justice." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2003 Edition). Main. Edward N. Zalta. 13 March 2004. . Nussbaum, Martha. The Enduring Significance of John Rawls. Evatt Foundation. 13 March 2004. Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Revised Canadian Ed. Cambridge: The Belknap Press, 1971 Scott, Alex. John Rawls’ A Theory of Justice. 14 March 2003. Smart, and Bernard Williams. Utilitarianism: For and Against. Trowbridge: Redwood Burn, 1973 Utilitarianism Resources. BLTC Research. 15 March 2004. Williams, Jon. An Examination of John Rawls’s Critique of Utilitarianism. 13 March 2004

R.E Coursework Religion and Medical Issues Essay

Ai) Infertility is when a couple cannot naturally conceive a child. There are many treatments to get around infertility; some of these, may however raise moral issues. There are many treatments available; Fertility drugs are one of these, this is where an infertile woman is given drugs, which stop infertility and make a woman capable of carrying a child. These are recognised by the church, as the sacredness of life is not threatened. AIH (artificial insemination by the husband), is another of these treatments. The sperm of the husband is taken and artificially put it in the wife. AID (artificial insemination by the donor), this is for if the man does not produce sperm. An anonymous donor donates his sperm, which is then artificially put into the woman. Gamete storing, is a fairly new process where the gametes are frozen, this means that if one of the parents has a treatment which makes them infertile, they can use the gametes which are stored. Surrogacy. This is where an alien hostess carries the baby. The sperm of the man is artificially inserted into the hostess. This is not recognised by the church because it is very similar to adultery. Aii) Roman Catholics have the view that life is sacred and therefore the sacredness of life must be protected. The church believes that no one has the right to children; if someone is infertile it is because it is supposed to be that way. Any of the treatments, which involve the destruction of embryos, are banned because this is the same as abortion and that is banned in the Catholic Church. The Church bans any of the treatments, which involve artificial insemination by the husband, as this involves masturbation, which is a sin in the eyes of the church. In AID and surrogacy the child does not get to know their biological parents, the church believes that the child has a right to know their biological parents. All forms of fertility treatments involve procreation outside of sex; God intended procreation to be part of the sex act. Other Christian churches allow IVF and AIH as they believe it is a good use of technology to provide families with the happiness of children. God intended families to have children, if IVF or AIH is the only way to do that it should be done. The egg and sperm are from the husband and wife and so it is not counted as adultery and therefore it is still a pure loving act. Some of the embryos are destroyed in these processes; embryos, which are not yet foetuses, so therefore it is not considered murder. The other churches still have major concerns about the other treatments; they have not banned them, however. All churches encourage childless families to adopt as they believe all children should have a loving happy family. iii) Generally Christians believe in transplant surgery and think that it is a good thing. Some Christians have some ethical issues, however. They believe that it would be wrong for rich people to pay for organs. It is well known that some wealthier 1st world citizens would be more than willing to exploit uneducated, 3rd world citizens to save themselves. This is known as the black market. The people in Africa may not be well educated and therefore do not realise that it is dangerous. It could be dangerous as the surgeon in Africa may be using dirty equipment and therefore the African would be vulnerable to infection. It is also exploiting the poor which is condemned by the bible. Some Christians are opposed to using organs from the dead but support using those of the living. They believe that organs such as the heart are an intrinsic part of the individual created by God. Transplanting organs from the dead into the living is usurping the role of God, and humans do not have the right to play God. This is a sin and is condemned by the Bible. Jesus taught us to love thy neighbour. If an organ can be transplanted while someone is alive then it is not vital and transplanting it would be, ‘loving thy neighbour.’ Some Christians believe all transplant surgery wrong and condemn it. They believe that transplants ignore the sanctity of life. This is a great sin in the eyes of the church. They believe that transplanting organs is ‘playing God’ and this is one of the great sins. They also believe that it is very expensive and requires very skilled people of which there are few. It raises the question of when someone is considered dead, as the heart needs to be removed when it is still beating. It diverts recourses from less expensive treatments which could help far more people than transplants. Most Muslims believe that transplants are wrong. They believe that it is against God’s will to remove anything from the body after death this means that none of the organs can be removed. They believe that God created each person and so to remove something from one and put it in another is to act as God which is the greatest sin in Islam. They believe that life is sacred and only God has the right to give and take it.

Osmosis

The purpose of this experiment was to test different solute concentrations on the rate of osmosis. Artificial cells were filled with different solute concentrations and placed in water and weighed at equal time intervals to show how the water moves across cell membranes and down its concentration gradient into the lower concentrated area. The weights of the cells were recorded each interval, and then the rate of osmosis was found by calculating the corrected cumulative change in weight.The prediction made was that the cells with the higher solute concentrations ould have a higher rate of osmosis and the cell filled with water and placed in 40% sucrose solution would have the highest negative weight change. Introduction The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis. A selectively permeable membrane allows certain substances to cross it more easily than others (Reece, et al. 2011). Osmosis is an important process to cells because the cells are co ntinuously trying to achieve concentration equilibrium.The tonicity of a solution is the ability to cause a cell to gain or lose water molecules (Reece, et al. 2011). If a cell is in an isotonic solution, the cell does not gain or lose any water molecules, causing the net gain of weight to be zero. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there is a higher solute concentration in the cell, making water molecules move into the cell to help reach equilibrium. This causes the cell to gain weight. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, there is a higher solute concentration outside the cell, making water molecules leave the cell to attain equilibrium. This causes the cell to lose weight.Other factors, like the temperature, the particle size and the concentration gradient affect the rate of osmosis. An increased temperature can increase the rate of osmosis and osmotic pressure (Traxler 1928). Also, the particle size determines what can pass through the selectively permeable me mbrane; the channels imbedded in the membrane can only accommodate certain molecules based on size and function. Finally, the concentration gradient affects the rate of osmosis because the rate depends on how high the concentration of the solute is; the higher the concentration, the faster water moves to that concentrated area.Materials and Methods The materials needed for this experiment are: five strips of Spectra/Por 4 dialysis ubing with a pore size of 4. 8 angstroms, ten clamps, five beakers labeled 1 through 5, a graduated cylinder, and 20%, 40%, and 60% sucrose solutions. The experiment begins by softening up the dialysis tubes by soaking them in a beaker of water. When softened, rub the dialysis tubes between your fingers to reveal the opening and clamp the opposite end. Add 10 mL of the appropriate solution to each bag, squeezing the air out of the tube to make sure there are no air bubbles when clamping the other end of the tube.Three of these bags will be filled with 20%, 40% and 60% sucrose solutions. The other two will contain water. Weigh each bag on a appropriate solution, Just enough to cover the bag; four will have water and the fifth beaker will hold 40% sucrose. The bags containing 20%, 40% and 60% will be placed in water, as well as one bag filled with water; the bag of water in water will act as your control. The other bag of water will be placed in the beaker containing 40% sucrose solution. Place the five bags in their rightful beaker simultaneously and record the time.Every ten minutes the bags should be removed, blotted to get the excess solution off and then weighed. Continue weighing the bags every ten minutes or ninety minutes. To minimize experimental error, the temperature must be the same for all beakers and the bags must be blotted before weighed as much as possible to get the excess solution off. Also, the same amount of solution should be put into each beaker. Results The increase in the rate of osmosis is due to the different concentrations of sucrose, as shown in Figure One.This figure shows the weight change over time for the 20%, 40%, 60% and water in 40% sucrose solution. The results of the total weight change were: 20% sucrose in water= 5. 47 g 40% sucrose in water= 7. 31 g 60% sucrose in water= 7. 8 g Water in 40% sucrose= -4. 08 g The points plotted were used to calculate the rate of osmosis by finding the slope of the best fit line of each test. The results for the rates of osmosis were: 20% sucrose in water= . 0551 g/min 40% sucrose in water= . 0728 g/min 60% sucrose in water= . 0811 g/min water in 40% sucrose= -. 68 g/min The slopes have an increasing pattern as the sucrose concentration goes up. This means that the rate increases as the sucrose concentration increases. The corrected cumulative change in weight relates to the osmotic rate because it is divided by the time. The direction affects the rate because, if the direction of osmosis changes the rate becomes negative. Discussion The resu lts show that the solute concentration of the solution affects the rate of osmosis because the larger the concentration gradient, the faster osmosis occurs.This makes sense because the farther the cell is from osmotic equilibrium, it will gain weight faster (McCutcheon 1926). This supported our prediction. The increase in osmotic rate because of an increase in solute concentration is because water moves from a solution of low solute concentration to a solution with high solute oncentration. This means water rushes into a solute of higher concentration faster than a low concentration. This is why the artificial cell with 60% sucrose solution had the highest corrected cumulative change in weight and the fastest osmotic rate.The artificial cell containing water in 40% sucrose solution had a negative osmotic rate because water was leaving the cell and osmosis was occurring in the opposite direction. In this experiment, only one bag of water was placed in 40% sucrose solution. In other e xperiments, adding two more bags of water and placing them in 0% and 60% sucrose solutions could be tested to see if the rate of osmosis is similar performed to show temperature is a factor in osmotic rates by having the same solute concentration in solutions and placing bags filled with water into them, each having a distinct temperature.References McCutcheon M, Lucke B. â€Å"The Kinetics of Osmotic Swelling in Living Cells†. Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. 1926. Reece JB, Urry LA, Cain ML, Wasserman SA, Minorsky PV, Jackson RB. Campbell Biology. Ninth ed. Pearson Education, Inc. 2011. Traxler RN. â€Å"The Effect of Temperature on Rate of Osmosis†. Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1928. 1 . This graph shows the corrected cumulative change in weight taken every ten minutes to study the rate of osmosis. . The data was collected by measuring the weight of each bag after 10 minutes and finding the difference in weight between the s tart of the experiment and each increment of time. 3. The graph shows that the higher in concentration of sucrose, the faster the rate of osmosis occurs meaning that concentration and rate of osmosis are directly related. Also, this graph displays the opposite happening when water was placed into sucrose, but is still directly related.

The Green Mile Essay Example

The Green Mile Essay Example The Green Mile Paper The Green Mile Paper Magical realism combines reality and fantasy so the distinction between the two no longer exists. Even though characteristics of fantasy are incorporated in magical realism, the setting takes place in the real world. Because of John Coffee’s ability to heal others, â€Å"The Green Mile† falls into the genre of magical realism. Paul Edgecomb is the first to experience John Coffey’s healing powers. John heals Paul of his urinary infection. When John heals Paul, he brings him back to life. No matter how people treat him, he tries to bring happiness to others. From what the film tells the audience, Paul lives to be one hundred-eight years old due to John’s gift. John’s healing of Paul was as much as a curse as it was a gift. Paul pays the price of outliving everyone he loves, such as his wife Elaine. John took away Paul’s pain and misery, and gave him a new life. The mouse, Mr. Jingles, also experiences John’s healing powers. John brought Mr. Jingles back to life after the sadistic guard, Percy, crushes him. Mr. Jingles highlights the extreme sensitivity and caring personality of John Coffey. John’s care for the small mouse hints his innocence of the horrendous crime he is charged with. Delacroix, Mr. Jingles’ owner, suffers from anxiety about Mr. Jingles’ future as his own death approaches. Delacroix’s love for his pet mouse makes him a sympathetic character even though he committed one of the worst crimes out of all the inmates. It just goes to show that Delacroix is human, and he gets lonely like normal people do. Mr. Jingle’s presence brings healing to the prison, and he ends the loneliness the inmates feel. This movie makes the audience aware of the power of healing. John’s supernatural element of healing carries an undeniable emotional charge. If everyone had John’s gift, the world would be very calm and peaceful.

Sri Lanka Facts and History

Sri Lanka Facts and History With the recent end of the Tamil Tiger insurgency, the island nation of Sri Lanka seems poised to take its place as a new economic powerhouse in South Asia. After all, Sri Lanka (formerly known as Ceylon) has been a key trading hub of the Indian Ocean world for more than a thousand years. Capital and Major Cities Administrative Capital: Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, metro population 2,234,289 Commercial Capital: Colombo, metro population 5,648,000 Major Cities: Kandy population 125,400Galle population 99,000Jaffna population 88,000 Government The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka has a republican form of government, with a president who is both head of government and head of state. Universal suffrage starts at age 18. The current president is Maithripala Sirisena; presidents serve six-year terms. Sri Lanka has a unicameral legislature. There are 225 seats in Parliament, and members are elected by popular vote to six-year terms.  The Prime Minister is Ranil Wickremesinghe. The president appoints judges to both the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals. There are also subordinate courts in each of the countrys nine provinces. People Sri Lankas total population is approximately 20.2 million as of the 2012 census. Nearly three-quarters, 74.9%, are ethnic Sinhalese. Sri Lankan Tamils, whose ancestors came to the island from southern India centuries ago, make up about 11% of the population, while more recent Indian Tamil immigrants, brought in as agricultural labor by the British colonial government, represent 5%. Another 9% of Sri Lankans are the Malays and Moors, descendants of Arab and Southeast Asian traders who plied the Indian Ocean monsoon winds for more than a thousand years. There are also tiny numbers of Dutch and British settlers, and aboriginal Veddahs, whose ancestors arrived at least 18,000 years ago. Languages The official language of Sri Lanka is Sinhala. Both Sinhala and Tamil are considered national languages; only about 18% of the population speaks Tamil as a mother tongue, however. Other minority languages are spoken by about 8% of Sri Lankans. In addition, English is a common language of trade, and approximately 10% of the population are conversant in English as a foreign language. Religion Sri Lanka has a complex religious landscape. Almost 70% of the population are Theravada Buddhists (mainly the ethnic Sinhalese), while most Tamils are Hindu, representing 15% of Sri Lankans. Another 7.6% are Muslims, particularly the Malay and Moor communities, belonging primarily to the Shafii school within Sunni Islam. Finally, about 6.2% of Sri Lankans are Christians; of those, 88% are Catholic and 12% are Protestant. Geography Sri Lanka is a teardrop-shaped island in the Indian Ocean, southeast of India. It has an area of 65,610 square kilometers (25,332 square miles), and is mostly flat or rolling plains. However, the highest point in Sri Lanka is Pidurutalagala, at an impressive 2,524 meters (8,281 feet) in altitude. The lowest point is sea level. Sri Lanka sits at the middle of a tectonic plate, so it does not experience volcanic activity or earthquakes. However, it was heavily impacted by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, which killed more than 31,000 people in this mostly low-lying island nation. Climate Sri Lanka has a maritime tropical climate, meaning that it is warm and humid throughout the year. Average temperatures ranges from 16 °C (60.8 °F) in the central highlands to 32 °C (89.6 °F) along the northeast coast. High temperatures in Trincomalee, in the northeast, can top 38 °C (100 °F). The entire island generally has humidity levels between 60 and 90% year-round, with the higher levels during the two long monsoonal rainy seasons (May to October and December to March). Economy Sri Lanka has one of the strongest economies in South Asia, with a GDP of $234 billion US (2015 estimate), a per capita GDP of $11,069, and a 7.4% annual growth rate. It receives substantial remittances from Sri Lankan overseas workers, mostly in the Middle East; in 2012, Sri Lankans abroad sent home about $6 billion US. Major industries in Sri Lanka include tourism; rubber, tea, coconut and tobacco plantations; telecommunications, banking and other services; and textile manufacturing. The unemployment rate and percentage of the population living in poverty are both an enviable 4.3%. The islands currency is called the Sri Lankan rupee. As of May, 2016, the exchange rate was $1 US 145.79 LKR. History The island of Sri Lanka appears to have been inhabited since at least 34,000 years before the present. Archaeological evidence suggests that agriculture began as early as 15,000 BCE, perhaps reaching the island along with the ancestors of the aboriginal Veddah people. Sinhalese immigrants from northern India likely reached Sri Lanka around the 6th century BCE. They may have established one of the earliest great trade emporiums on earth; Sri Lankan cinnamon appears in Egyptian tombs from 1,500 BCE. By about 250 BCE, Buddhism had reached Sri Lanka, brought by Mahinda, the son of Ashoka the Great of the Mauryan Empire. The Sinhalese remained Buddhist even after most mainland Indians had converted to Hinduism. Classical Sinhalese civilization relied on complicated irrigation systems for intensive agriculture; it grew and prospered from 200 BCE to about 1200 CE. Trade flourished between China, Southeast Asia, and Arabia by the first few centuries of the common era. Sri Lanka was a key stopping point on the southern, or sea-bound, branch of the Silk Road. Ships stopped there not only to restock on food, water and fuel, but also to buy cinnamon and other spices. The ancient Romans called Sri Lanka Taprobane, while Arab sailors knew it as Serendip. In 1212, ethnic Tamil invaders from the Chola Kingdom in southern India drove the Sinhalese south. The Tamils brought Hinduism with them. In 1505, a new kind of invader appeared on Sri Lankas shores. Portuguese traders wanted to control the sea-lanes between the spice islands of southern Asia; they also brought missionaries, who converted a small number of Sri Lankans to Catholicism. The Dutch, who expelled the Portuguese in 1658, left an even stronger mark on the island. The legal system of the Netherlands forms the basis for much of modern Sri Lankan law. In 1815, a final European power appeared to take control of Sri Lanka. The British, already holding the mainland of India under their colonial sway, created the Crown Colony of Ceylon. UK troops defeated the last native Sri Lankan ruler, the King of Kandy, and began to govern Ceylon as an agricultural colony that grew rubber, tea, and coconuts. After more than a century of colonial rule, in 1931, the British granted Ceylon limited autonomy. During World War II, however, Britain used Sri Lanka as a forward post against the Japanese in Asia, much to the irritation of Sri Lankan nationalists. The island nation became fully independent on February 4, 1948, several months after the Partition of India and the creation of independent India and Pakistan in 1947. In 1971, tensions between the Sinhalese and Tamil citizens of Sri Lanka bubbled over into armed conflict. Despite attempts at a political solution, the country erupted into the Sri Lankan Civil War in July of 1983; the war would continue until 2009, when government troops defeated the last of the Tamil Tiger insurgents.

Enterprise Resource Planning System Research Paper

Enterprise Resource Planning System - Research Paper Example An information system is a collection of structured elements that collect, process, store, and transfer processed information to uphold decision making and control in an organization (Laudon & Laudon, 1999, p.7; Hoffer et al., 2007, p.429). On the other hand, an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is an entirely integrated information system that includes most fundamental tasks essential for a large size corporation. Additionally, an ERP system is built and run on a common database shared by the basic business activities. In addition, an ERP solution presents the facilities of an information system for the whole organization. However, a corporation must redesign its business processes to arrange with the ERP system. Furthermore, the implementation and integration of an ERP usually considered as the biggest information system project ever completed by a corporation (Whitten et al., 2000, p.23; Ehie & Madsen, 2005; Vlachopoulou & Manthou, 2006; Hitt et al., 2002). (Stair & Reynolds, 2003, p.22), discuss the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, according to them, an ERPS is accomplished for running a corporation’s fundamental business processes for whole multi-site, international corporation. In addition, the range of activities performed by an ERP system differs from organization to organization, since, a majority of ERP systems offer integrated software to facilitate the finance and manufacturing business processes of a corporation. However, in this scenario, a demand forecast is set up that determines the customer needs for a number of weeks.

Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Law - Essay Example The entire family had retired to sleep and the defendant and his step-father had stayed up together enjoying their drinks. The defendant told his intentions to leave the army to his step-father. The step-father did not take delight in the news and challenged the son with a berating statement. He told his step-son that he could draw, load and shoot a gun faster than the defendant could and asked him to fetch the guns for the challenge to begin. The father challenge to the son was however returned by a shot toward him which the drunk defendant may not have been aware of. The trial convicted the defendant with oblique intent and he appealed to the House of Lords after he was dismissed by the Court of Appeal. It was held that the judge should not have used an expansion explanation for the intent of the defendant and the murder conviction substituted for manslaughter. The argument of intent went further to illustrate, if indeed the death or harm inflicted on the victim was the natural con sequence of the defendants act then the jury could hold it against the defendant that he had the intent to kill his step-father(Lord Bridge). Murder is therefore a crime driven by intent and the intent ought to be specific so that oblique intent is not a direct motive or ground for death. Direct intent implies that death was the desired outcome by the defendant, while oblique intent covers circumstances where the defendant was virtually certain of death but which was not desired for his sake to benefit him. The mens rea that is required to assess a prosecuted person before they are convicted is defined and specified in each case. Mens rea refers to the intent of the mind that makes the defendant guilty of a crime. Murder is therefore an act that is moved to an action of malice aforethought. Malice aforethought is an artistic definition of the term. It is defined in the English Law as a well purposed intention to kill. It is further described as an act whose consequence is in express ion with such threats to life as actual speech, against another, if the defendant produces a lethal weapon that was used on a victim, by certain grievous act the accused intended to cause grievous bodily harm. Death of a victim in the situations as these are attributed to malice aforethought. (Lord Goddard CJ). Killing itself does not add up to murder. For the murder to be concluded, the killing has to involve express malice aforethought or be implied by the law. In a doctrine of constructive malice, it was implied the course of another act considered felonious that involved violence and posed as harmful and threatening to life. It was also implied where the person killed was undertaking a process of the laws such as arresting or imprisoning the accused person or in any other process of the law that is legal. This doctrine was recommended for abolishment by the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment Para 121 of the published Report 1953 (cmd 8932). The section goes further to create the necessary provisions for murder to hold. The section did not affect malice that is implied apart from the doctrine of constructive malice. The case of R v Vickers (1957) 2QB, 664 1957 2 All ER 1957 741. The case was heard and approved by the House of Lords in R v Cunningham 1981 2 All ER 863, 3WLR 263. The accused had been brought in with charges of murder and convicted under section (5) (1)a of the Homicide Act 1957 (repealed). The Criminal Court of Appeal held the Act did not abolish the doctrine of implied malice and therefore conviction

The need for the return of prayer in public schools Research Paper

The need for the return of prayer in public schools - Research Paper Example Corruption in the modern society is the highest and the technology has facilitated the criminals in developing new ways of achieving their malicious intentions. This includes mobile photography and the use of facebook to retrieve people’s personal information and black-mailing them. This has fundamentally been so because of a lack of emphasis on practicing religion and religious studies on both national and international level. Today in most of the schools in the advanced countries, the curriculum has been redesigned in a way that it is to much extent, technology oriented, but has very less to convey on religious grounds. Although there has been a large emphasis on the inclusion of ethical concepts like corporate social responsibility into the business on a global scale, yet concrete results have not yet been obtained given the lack of ethical considerations in the roots of entrepreneurs’ schooling. There is a severe need for the return of prayer in public schools in order to make the students ethically conscious so that they turn into responsible and considerate professionals in their practical life. Prayers were considered a significant part of the American schools’ curriculum until between 1962 and 1963, when the Supreme Court decided to ban prayer in the schools. (Squidoo LLC, 2010). â€Å"On June 25, l962, 39 million students were forbidden to do what they and their predecessors had been doing since the founding of our nation.† (Bergel, 1988, para. 2). Since then, prayer have been altogether eliminated from the public schools in the US. Although this attempt of Supreme Court has met with huge criticism, yet the decision of Supreme Court stayed and the prayers continued to remain banned ever since. As a result of elimination of prayer from the public schools, it is not only the students that have suffered, but also their parents and teachers have not managed to escape the curse. (Squidoo LLC, 2010) quotes

Systematisation of Catalogue Integration

Systematisation of Catalogue Integration ABSTRACT: Catalogue integration is a very essential and difficult job which needs to be carried out by various commercial portals and commerce search engines to built and consolidate the products gathered from various data providers. In this paper we discuss about an automated mechanism for integrating products from various providers and thus the process is considered from both the views of portal catalogue and the vendor providing catalogue. This commercial portal has its own taxonomy for all the products which is named as the master taxonomy and the data provider organizes its products in a different taxonomy called as the taxonomy provider. This methodology is based on the taxonomy-aware processing step that adjusts the results of a text based classification so that the products that are similar to the provider’s catalogue will appear closer in the master catalogue. To the best of our knowledge , this is the first unique approach that uses structure of taxonomies in order to upgrade the catalogue integration. The  proposed algorithm is scalable and can be applied to large data-sets in web. The algorithm is implemented on real- world data and has greater accuracy as it takes into account that the relationships between the product categories. INTRODUCTION: The internet is no longer an academic and research oriented network but it is an open book with endless commercial opportunities. Online shopping has increased in recent times. These shopping websites have separate portals which can manage the sellers of the site where products arrive from multiple sellers. This includes e-commerce search engines such as Flipkart,Amazon , Sanpdeal and many common commercial search engines such as google product search and Bing shopping. Each seller will have a separate catalogue for the product available. Internet marketplace are now faced with new challenges that arises from the need to shamelessly integrate enormous number of product catalogue from different sources. Product categorization is the main task that needs to be carried out in here. Hence, we need some mechanism which combines both the approaches, provides accurate classification of products and also scalable to large volume of dataset that is typical on the web. EXISTING SYSTEM: In the existing system there is a difficulty for the customer or the provider to update the details of a product. The ecommerce website has a master catalogue according to which the provider has to upload his/her catalogue of a product. If this catalogue does not match with the master catalogue, then the product will not be accepted by the e-commerce website. This will create a problem for the providers who are un aware of the master catalogue. Not all the providers are aware of these technological details and restrictions. The existing system has imposed more restrictions for the upload of products, which can create a backlog in the business of that shopping website. PROBLEM DEFINITION: Given a source catalogue Ks=(Ps, S,s) that corresponds to some provider’s catalogue defined over the source taxonomy S=(Cs, Es), and a target (or master) catalogue taxonomy Kt = (Pt,T, t) that corresponds to the catalogue of the commercial portal defined over the target (master) taxonomy T = (Ct, Et). The goal is to learn a cross-catalogue labelling function function l: Ps -> Ct that maps products of the source catalogue to the categories of the target catalogue taxonomy. PROJECT SCOPE: Here it makes use of provider taxonomy information to categorize products coming from data providers to the master taxonomy. This approach is based on taxonomy-aware processing step that adjusts the results of a text-based classifier so that the products that are in near-by categories in the provider taxonomy will be assigned near-by categories in the master taxonomy. TACI is scalable to large volume of datasets and it has linear running time with respect to number of input products. It exploits the full structure of the taxonomy, defining relationships between items that belong to different categories, based on the relationship of the categories in the taxonomy tree. TACI provides accurate results when compared other existing approaches SYSTEM DESIGN: This chapter describes the features and modular design of the proposed algorithm. Unlike existing approaches the proposed algorithm explores the entire taxonomy of the provider and master catalogs to find out a classification of products from providers catalog in master taxonomy. The formulation of the taxonomy-aware catalog integration problem is based on structured prediction problem. The optimized classification of products is achieved by designing the algorithm using metric labelling approach. Thus the proposed algorithm involves calculating two measures: Cost indicating assignment of products to categories Cost indicating strength of relationships among product categories Since the existing approaches considered categories as flat collection of classes, pair-wise relationships are considered and hence suffered scalability issues. The proposed algorithm exploits the taxonomy structure to find out the relationship among the categories and uses them to prune the search space thus making the algorithm scalable. Thus the algorithm has linear running time with respect to the input data and is applicable to larger datasets. FUNCTIONAL STEPS: The Taxonomy Aware Catalog Integration is a 2 step process. Base Classification Step: This step does not consider taxonomy structure and utilizes general text classifier. Finds Assignment Cost. Taxonomy-Aware Processing Step: This step involves exploiting the taxonomy structure of both source and target catalogs. Finds Separation Cost. MODULAR DESIGN: PSEUDO CODE: Input: Source catalog Ks, Target taxonomy T, base classifier b, and parameters à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±,k, and ÃŽ ³ Output: A labeling vector à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬Å" Fs for all x ц Ps do Ï„*Ï„ ц Ct PÏ„b[Ï„|x] if PÏ„b[Ï„*|x] >= à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± then à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬Å"x Fà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± U {x} else Oà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± U {x} Compute TOPk{x} Compute candidate pairs H à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±,k Initialize hash table ÃŽ ¨ to empty for all (ÏÆ', Ï„) â‚ ¬ H à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±,k do ÃŽ ¨[(ÏÆ', Ï„)]=h (ÏÆ', Ï„) for all x ц O à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± do à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬Å"x Ï„ ц TOP k ( x ) { (1- ÃŽ ³) A COST(x,Ï„)+ ÃŽ ³ ÃŽ ¨[ (sx, Ï„)] } BASE CLASSIFICATION STEPS This step does not consider the structure of both provider and master taxonomies. It uses Naive Bayes text classification result and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± value to distinguish between fixed and open products. The fixed products are the set of products in the provider catalog with probability of categories greater than the threshold value and thus, Naive Bayes result is taken as the correct category. TAXONOMY AWARE PROCESSING STEP This step involves exploiting the taxonomy structure to find out the relationships among the categories.This needs to find the similarity measure between two categories in both source and target taxonomies. Pair of products (x,y) assigned to category pair having greater similarity measure in provider taxonomy should be assigned to category pair having greater similarity measure in master taxonomy which is ensured by the penalty function (ÃŽ ´). Absolute difference gives the difference between similarity values obtained for a category pair in both source and target taxonomies. Thus this helps in finding out the cost of separating a pair of products which is given by the separation cost. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS: With the proliferation of data sharing applications that involve multiple data providers the development of automated techniques for catalog integration will be crucial to their success. In this paper, we presented an efficient and scalable automated approach to catalog integration that is based on the use of source category and taxonomy structure information. TACI is a pioneer to catalog integration which exploits the structure of taxonomies to enhance catalog integration with greater accuracy. Here, we have explained with product integration in shopping portals. However, this technique can also be applied to many other important domains which deploy the concept of multiple data sources which contains several categories to be integrated to a single place in a unique way. This includes important verticals such as Local, Travel, Entertainment, etc. This technique was carried out as a supervised learning technique. For future work, we would like to explore semisupervised learning techniques to incrementally retrain the base classifier with elements chosen during the taxonomy-aware calibration step.

Louis Pasteur Essay -- Biographies Biography Pasteur Essays

Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur was an example of a truly gifted person who made many wildly diverse discoveries in many different areas of science. He was a world-renowned French chemist and biologist whose work paved the way for branches of science and medicine such as stereochemistry, microbiology, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. He also proved the germ theory of disease, invented the process of pasteurization, fermentation, and developed vaccines for many diseases, including rabies. Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822 in Dole, France, and grew up in the small town of Arbois. As a young boy, Pasteur showed no particular interest in science. His talents were mainly drawing and painting. At age thirteen, he could draw remarkable pictures of his sisters, mother, and the river that ran by his home. During his youth, he developed an ambition to become a teacher. While still in his teens, he went to Paris to study in a famous school called Lyce St. Louis. During his studies to become a teacher, he was fascinated by a chemistry professor, Monsieur Jean-Baptist Dumas. He wrote home excitedly about these lectures, and decided that he wanted to learn to teach chemistry and physics, just like his favorite professor. In 1847 he earned a doctorate at the Ecole Normale in Paris, with a focus on both physics and chemistry. Becoming an assistant to one of his teachers, he began research that led to a significant discovery. He found that a beam of polarized light was rotated to either the right or the left as it passed through a pure solution of naturally produced organic nutrients, whereas when polarized light was passed through a solution of artificially synthesized organic nutrients, no rotation took place. If bacteria or other microorganisms were placed in the latter solution, then after a while it would also rotate light to the right or left. From this, he concluded that organic molecules exist in one of two forms, "left-handed'; or "right-handed'; forms. After spending several years researching and teaching at Dijon and Strasbourg, Pasteur moved in 1854 to the University of Lille, where he became the professor of chemistry and dean of the faculty of sciences. There, a main focus of research was on the manufacture of alcoholic beverages. Pasteur immediately began researching the process of fermentation. He was able to demonst... ...s one of the most important centers in the world for the study of infectious diseases and other subjects related to microorganisms, including molecular genetics. By the time of his death in Saint-Cloud on September 28, 1895, Pasteur had long since become a national hero and has been honored in many ways. Over the years, he was awarded many awards, including the Cross of the Legion of Honor, the Grand Prix medal, the Grand Cordon of the Legion of Honor, and many other awards. The life of Louis Pasteur is a perfect example of triumph over tragedy, and perseverance. After Pasteur married Marie Laurent in 1849, they had five children. Sadly, three of his children died before they reached 13 years of age. During his lifetime, Pasteur also suffered from two strokes, and one of them paralyzed his entire left side. None of these things, however, kept him from working, and none of his adversities kept him from wanting to help others. He was not only an example of an excellent scientist, but also an excellent example of a person who would not give up, no matter what happened. He once said, "Let me tell you the secret that has led me to the goal. My only strength resides in my tenacity."

End of Life Care

Nurses’ Perceptions of End-of-Life Care After Multiple Interventions for Improvement Lissi Hansen, Teresa T. Goodell, Josi DeHaven and MaryDenise Smith Am J Crit Care. 2009;18: 263-271 doi: 10. 4037/ajcc2009727  © 2009 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Published online http://www. ajcconline. org Personal use only. For copyright permission information: http://ajcc. aacnjournals. org/cgi/external_ref? link_type=PERMISSIONDIRECT Subscription information http://ajcc. aacnjournals. org/subscriptions Information for authors http://ajcc. acnjournals. org/misc/ifora. shtml Submit a manuscript http://www. editorialmanager. com/ajcc Email alerts http://ajcc. aacnjournals. org/subscriptions/etoc. shtml AJCC, the American Journal of Critical Care, is the official peer-reviewed research journal of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN), published bimonthly by The InnoVision Group, 101 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656. Telephone: (800) 899-1712, (949) 362-2050, ext. 532. Fax: (949) 362-2049. Copyright  © 2009 by AACN. All rights reserved. Downloaded from ajcc. aacnjournals. org by on February 11, 2010 Nursing Education in Critical Care PERCEPTIONS OF END-OF-LIFE CARE AFTER MULTIPLE INTERVENTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT By Lissi Hansen, RN, PhD, Teresa T. Goodell, RN, PhD, CNS, CCRN, ACNS-BC, Josi DeHaven, RN, MPH, CCRN, and MaryDenise Smith, RN, CNS, ACHPN Background Nurses working in intensive care units may lack knowledge and skills in end-of-life care, find caring for dying patients and the patients’ families stressful, and lack support to provide this care. Objectives To describe nurses’ perceptions of (1) knowledge and ability, (2) work environment, (3) support for staff, (4) support for patients and patients’ families, and (5) stress related to specific work situations in the context of end-of-life care before (phase 1) and after (phase 2) implementation of approaches to improve end-of-life care. The approaches were a nurse-developed bereavement program for patients’ families, use of a palliative medicine and comfort care team, preprinted orders for the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, hiring of a mental health clinical nurse specialist, and staff education in end-of-life care. Methods Nurses in 4 intensive care units at a university medical center reported their perceptions of end-of-life care by using a 5-subscale tool consisting of 30 items scored on a 4-point Likert scale. The tool was completed by 91 nurses in phase 1 and 127 in phase 2. Results Improvements in overall mean scores on the 5 subscales indicated that the approaches succeeded in improving nurses’ perceptions. In phase 2, most of the subscale overall mean scores were higher than a desired criterion (

Re-Branding Sunsilk Back Into the UK Hair Market Essay

Originally launched in the Netherlands in 1956, Sunsilk provides haircare solutions in 80 countries around the globe. No matter the hair type or problem, we have the products and the know how to make your hair feel and look beautiful. Our passion in life is to help women celebrate looking beautiful everyday, anywhere. Bad hair days are history Take on life with confidence and consign bad hair days to the bin with Sunsilk. Our range of products incorporates various natural ingredients and extracts with their own specific properties; chamomile for cleansing without limpness, ginseng extract for strength and more for any and all requirements. Get great advice and tips on hair care from us too. Key facts * Number 1 in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East * Sales of more than â‚ ¬1 billion a year * Sells in 80 countries * Also sold as Elidor, Hazeline, Seda and Sedal * Recent awards: Holds the Guinness world record for the most heads of hair washed and styled in one day Sunsilk is a hair care brand, primarily aimed at women, produced by the Unilever group, which is now considered the world’s leading company in hair conditioning and the second largest in shampoo[1]. Sunsilk is Unilever’s leading hair care brand, and ranks as one of the Anglo-Dutch conglomerate’s â€Å"billion dollar brands†. Sunsilk shampoos, conditioners and other hair care products are sold in 69 countries worldwide. Sunsilk is sold under a variety of different names in markets around the world including Elidor, Seda and Sedal. The brand is strongest in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East and is the number one hair care brand in India, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Thailand. * 1954 – Sunsilk first launched in the UK.  * 1955 – First advertisement of Sunsilk appeared on TV. * 1964 – Launch of Sunsilk hair spray. * 1968 – Sunsilk shampoo re-packaged in PVC bottles. * 1971 – Launch of Sunsilk conditioner. * 1975 – Sunsilk became the biggest name in hair care. * 2003 – Sunsilk glossy magazine launched in Argentina. * 2008 – Social networking site Gang of Girls was introduced in India. First advertising Sunsilk began advertising in 1955 with a campaign that focused on specific hair â€Å"issues†. In the UK, the campaign focused on shiny hair. During the 1960s, a television commercial of Sunsilk featured a tune composed by John Barry, â€Å"The girl with the sun in her hair†, which proved so popular that it was subsequently released as a pop single. Sunsilk radio commercials were aired in 1969 featuring Derek Nimmo to support the new Sunsilk Herb shampoo for problem hair called â€Å"Hairy Tales†. In the early 1970s, Sunsilk was advertised with the slogan â€Å"All you need is Sunsilk†. Celebrity associations Madonna, Shakira, Marilyn Monroe, and Marian Rivera all featured in Sunsilk’s 2008 advertising campaign â€Å"Life Can’t Wait†[3] which launched with a Super Bowl XLII spot. The philosophy behind the campaign was about girls taking positive steps to gain better control of their lives â€Å"Hair On = Life On†. Actress and former Miss World Priyanka Chopra is the brand ambassador for Sunsilk in India. [4] In 2009, singer Delta Goodrem was announced as the â€Å"face of Sunsilk† in Australia. The singer and her music have since featured in several Sunsilk adverts.[5] In 2007, British girlband Girls Aloud launched a campaign for Sunsilk after securing a sponsorship deal worth over  £1,000,000.[6] Members Nicola Roberts, Nadine Coyle, Cheryl Cole, Kimberly Walsh and Sarah Harding all represented the brand, which included shooting a television commercial. Sunsilk also sponsored their following tour. Magazine In 2003, Sunsilk (Sedal) launched the first hair only glossy magazine in Argentina aiming to communicate to the professional hair industry. More than 800,000 copies are published each month. The magazine focuses on hair, fashion and beauty issues as well as showcasing hairdressers’ work. It is sold locally on news stands and distributed to hair salons. Gang of Girls In 2008, Sunsilk India launched a social networking site called Gang of Girls [7], which offered its users access to a variety of local and global experts to address various hair care needs through its content, blogs and live chat room. The site includes rich content of hair care and fashion, and users can also take part in interactive games and quizzes.In 2011, Sunsilk was listed in The Brand Trust Report published by Trust Research Advisory. Co-Creation collaboration From 2009 Sunsilk started working with a number of professional hair â€Å"experts† to develop new and improved products. Each hair â€Å"issue† variant links to an â€Å"expert† with the relevant specialist hair knowledge. For example, Dr Francesca Fusco, a New York dermatologist, co-created a â€Å"hairfall† variant for the brand. The line up also includes: Jamal Hammadi for Black Shine, Rita Hazan for Vibrant Colour, Teddy Charles for Plumped Up Volume, Thomas Taw for Damage Reconstruction, Ouidad for Defined Curls and Yuko Yamashita – inventor of Japanese hair straightening process ‘YUKO’ – for Perfect Straight. Availability Sunsilk is available in over 60 countries worldwide. However Sunsilk products seem to be no longer available in the United States. The Sunsilk website has a list of countries where their products are sold, the USA is not one of them.